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Posts Tagged ‘Markets’

Money markets or mutual funds?

30 Apr

I am 75.Have inherited large sum.Would like access to investment,safety, and a small return.Annuity’s look good also.What to do?

 
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Annuity Markets and Pension Reform

12 Mar

Product Description
This book treats two vital but neglected public policy issues: how should distributions from individual accounts be regulated, and how can the market for private annuities function better? It provides a comprehensive survey of the issues that arise when contributors to individual accounts become eligible for distributions. It also addresses the questions of whether annuitization or other restrictions on distributions should be mandatory, and if so, can the provision of annuities be privatized? Its analytical framework is applicable to a broad range of countries. Given the diminishing importance of public pensions around the world, the growing number of the elderly, and the increasing importance of defined contr… More >>

Annuity Markets and Pension Reform

 
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I am a non citizen and have invested in US markets & 401k. will i be able to access investments once i leave?

08 Mar

I have been working in US for last 4 years on H1-B visa and my employment based greencard is in process. I am anticipating a greencard within next 2 years. I have invested in mutual funds and employer 401(k). If I decide to return to my home country in coming years (after my greencard is processed), will I be able to withdraw funds from my US 401(k) and other investments (for example – annuities) when they mature? I understand that to return to my home country, I will have to give up my green card. However, will I still have access to my investments in US? are they any legal/tax issues involved? Or is it benefitial/advisable to just liquidate my investments, take penalty hit and take the money home?

 
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Annuity Markets

07 Mar

Product Description
The Pension Crisis concerns the changing demographic profile of more elderly and fewer young people in the economy. Understanding and tackling this impending crisis is a key task for public policy. An annuity protects an individual from outliving their savings, and is central to pensions policy. This book examines the different types of annuities available, how these annuities are priced, the history of annuities, how annuities markets function: how they work, and are they efficient. It provides an international comparison of annuity markets, and examines recent developments in annuity markets.

Governments around the world are shifting their pension policies away from pay-as-you-go systems towards indivi… More >>

Annuity Markets

 
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The Role of Annuity Markets in Financing Retirement

01 Mar

Product Description
Dramatic advances in life expectancy mean that today’s retirees must plan on living into their eighties, their nineties, and even beyond. Longer life expectancies are the symbol of a prosperous society, but this progress also means that some retirees will need to plan conservatively and cut back substantially on their living standards or risk living so long that they exhaust their resources. This book examines the role that life annuities can play in helping people protect themselves against such outcomes. A life annuity is an insurance product that pays out a periodic amount for as long as the annuitant is alive, in exchange for a premium. The book begins with a history of life annuity markets during the tw… More >>

The Role of Annuity Markets in Financing Retirement

 
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Finance help needed-interest rate, money markets, annuities?

19 Feb

Money markets are markets for
Foreign currencies.
Consumer automobile loans.
Corporate stocks.
Long-term bonds.
Short-term debt securities such a Treasury bills.

2. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

The most important difference between spot markets versus futures markets is the maturity of the instruments that are traded. Spot market transactions involve securities that have maturities of less than one year whereas futures markets transactions involve securities with maturities greater than one year.

Capital market transactions involve only preferred stock or common stock.

If General Electric were to issue new stock this year, it would be considered a secondary market transaction since the company already has stock outstanding.

Both Nasdaq dealers and “specialists” on the NYSE hold inventories of stocks.

Money market transactions do not involve securities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar.

3. If the stock market is semistrong-form efficient, which of the following statements would be CORRECT?

The required returns on all stocks are the same, and the required returns on stocks are higher than the required returns on bonds.

The required returns on stocks equal the required returns on bonds.

A trading strategy in which you buy stocks that have recently fallen in price is likely to provide you with a return that exceeds the return on the overall stock market.

If you have insider information about a particular stock, you cannot expect to earn an above average return on this information because it is already incorporated into the current stock price.

Even if a market is semistrong-form efficient, an investor could still earn a better return than the market return if he or she had inside information.

4.
Suppose 1-year T-bills currently yield 5.00% and the future inflation rate is expected to be constant at 3.10% per year. What is the real risk-free rate of return, r*? Disregard cross-product terms, i.e., if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average.

1.90%

2.00%

2.10%

2.20%

2.30%

5.
Suppose the real risk-free rate is 3.50%, the average future inflation rate is 2.25%, and a maturity premium of 0.10% per year to maturity applies, i.e., MRP = 0.10%(t), where t is the years to maturity. What rate of return would you expect on a 5-year Treasury security, assuming the pure expectations theory is NOT valid? Disregard cross-product terms, i.e., if averaging is required, use the arithmetic average.

5.95%

6.05%

6.15%

6.25%

6.35%

6.
Which of the following would be most likely to lead to a higher level of interest rates in the economy?

Households start saving a larger percentage of their income.

Corporations step up their expansion plans and thus increase their demand for capital.

The level of inflation begins to decline.

The economy moves from a boom to a recession.

The Federal Reserve decides to try to stimulate the economy.

7.
Assume that interest rates on 20-year Treasury and corporate bonds are as follows:

T-bond = 7.72% A = 9.64%

AAA = 8.72% BBB = 10.18%

The differences in rates among these issues were caused primarily by

Tax effects.

Default risk differences.

Maturity risk differences.

Inflation differences.

Real risk-free rate differences

 
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Volatility Rocks The Investment Markets

21 Nov

Gets your attention, doesn’t it? The unfortunate thing though, is that most people will react negatively to this intentionally inflammatory, media-ready, title statement. Has some Wall Street virus attacked our financial experience memory chip? Bouncing around unpredictably is precisely what the markets have always done. In the last forty years, there have been no less than ten 20% or greater corrections followed by rallies that brought the markets to significantly higher levels. Volatility is not a bad thing— a non-event, even.


Ironically, it is this routine volatility (caused by hundreds of human, economic, political, and natural variables) that is the only real certainty existent in the financial markets. Would anyone be happy with market prices that didn’t change? Should anyone expect market valuations that only go up? So what’s all the anxiety, scrambling, and crying about? As absurd as this may sound at first blush, you will never become a successful investor until you are able to embrace market volatility as your dearest and closest friend.


The Wall Street media is also your friend, because it fans investor emotions to the point where rational thinking becomes impossible for most participants. My observation the other night at dinner (that the 400 point drop in the DJIA had provided an opportunity to purchase dozens of IGV stocks at bargain prices) was met with vacant stares. When I added that nearly half of those stocks had been sold profitably in recent weeks— you can imagine the shocked silence that followed.


Investor perceptions of volatility need to be rearranged. When you allow more than an up-only smiley face into your understanding of the markets, you will be able to position yourself to actually take advantage of the volatility while it is happening. When you realize that the causes of market gyrations are not nearly as important as the opportunities for bargain hunting and profit taking that they produce, you’ll be able to grow and to protect your portfolios from your emotional dark side.


Let’s talk about reality. There are many different ways that professional investors and speculators make their fortunes in the financial markets. The key is to know whether the path you are following is too speculative for the destination you are seeking. Over the past twenty years or so, the stock market has provided the best returns for most investors— yes, even better than commodities, currencies, and ETFs (which didn’t exist even ten years ago). But balanced investment portfolios, those containing both investment grade value stocks and income generating securities have probably surpassed all others.


Let’s talk about causation. There are far too many variables affecting the movement of security prices to allow for accurate prediction of either the scope or duration of short-term gyrations. Every rally produces both a bubble of some kind and the pin that will eventually do the bursting. Hindsight identifies all the culprits and promises to regulate them out of the system so that the future will be different. Don’t kid yourself. The next rally will come to the same bloody end as its predecessors. Volatility Rocks!


But this year we have the opportunity to assure that our economic future will be better. Much of the current skittishness in the financial markets is caused by multiple economic concerns and the incredibly naive resolution ideas being spouted by the presidential candidates. And there are other, somehow out of the limelight, economic issues that politicians are afraid to even consider. The primary economic issues (jobs, energy, and economic growth) need to be joined by Social Security reform, corporate tax reform, and term limitations in congress.


No president, no matter how bold, can bring about meaningful change without a less self-serving cast of characters in the legislative branch. But this kind of change can’t happen until we replace the current batch of pork barrel politicians with a new group of change orientated decision makers. Today’s congress legislates mind-numbing regulations that stifle creativity and economic growth. Investors need to support fewer “taxors” and to elect a whole new group of economic facilitators. Throw out the incumbents this November.


You just don’t create jobs by taxing, regulating, and otherwise strangling the job creators. In most communities, local governments think of their non-voting corporate citizens as ratables instead of as job providers. Serious jobs would be created, and general price reductions produced (good or bad for the GDP?), through a controlled elimination of all income taxation on legitimate corporate job providers. Of course it would have to be regulated to assure jobs, price reductions, and shareholder benefits, and not just more perks for obscenely paid executives.


Similarly, taxing gasoline production and delivery organizations is not going to bring down the price per barrel of crude oil. But “taxing” the cartel that fixes the prices instead of bribing them with protection from their enemies could work almost as well as tapping into our own abundant supply and adding some long-needed refining capacity. Eliminating state and federal gasoline taxes and fees and taxes on interstate truckers would produce many cost/price benefits as well.


Economic growth, more jobs, and lower prices could be the immediate result of two relatively simple changes that neither of the Presidential hopefuls have the courage to even whisper about. Without nearly enough detail: (1) Over a five-year period, change Social Security to a mandated-contribution, deferred, individual fixed annuity program managed on a flat fee basis by 15-year experienced insurance companies. No variable (stock market) benefit plans would be allowed; all citizens would be eligible to participate, and all employed persons (Congress included) would be enrolled automatically. Contributions would be reduced and employer participation eliminated.


(2) Eliminate all taxation on any form of retirement income immediately, and phase out all taxation on all forms of investment income over a five-year period. Replace those taxes with a 1% Federal sales tax an all goods and services except food, shelter, clothing, and health care.


Then, we can start to replace the Internal Revenue Code with something simple, protect shareholders from unconscionable corporate executive compensation, and come up with a solution for providing adequate healthcare to everyone.


We have met the enemy and he is us— Walt Kelly, Pogo

 

Seven Strategies For Investing During Volatile Markets

18 Sep

The markets don’t always behave the way we’d like them to: Geopolitical turmoil, natural disasters, interest rates and world events can have a profound effect on market movements. If recent market volatility has you concerned about the economy, you are not alone; this is a confusing time for many investors. Some have decided to stay the course, while others are sitting on the sidelines waiting for the market to rebound. However, since no one can predict how the markets will perform, it’s important to develop an investment strategy that can help you stay on the right track to meeting your long-term financial goals. Here are some strategies that you can implement today, that may help to manage risk during these uncertain times.

Work with a Financial Advisor. There are a lot of do-it-yourself investment resources available to investors today. However, none of those resources can replace the experienced, personal service a Financial Advisor provides. A Financial Advisor can offer an understanding of your complete financial picture, not just your investments. Additionally, in periods of market volatility when you need the most support, a Financial Advisor can provide:
• Access to important decision-making research and information;
• Ongoing monitoring of your investment portfolio, while anticipating your changing needs; and
• A comprehensive market-volatility plan.

Have a plan. Developing a financial plan is one of the best ways to meet your long-term goals. Your plan should also include an action plan to address market volatility, which should be developed well in advance of a turbulent market. Having a market-volatility plan will help you to set realistic goals and appropriately manage your return expectations.

Invest regularly. It may not seem intuitive, but investing regularly—even during market downturns—can help to reduce your overall costs. Dollar cost averaging is one of the best ways to invest regularly, since you’re investing a fixed amount on a fixed schedule, regardless of how the markets perform. Investing regularly can also have intrinsic benefits: It encourages discipline and may also ease the anxiety of daily market fluctuations.

Diversify. If you’ve ever heard the saying, “Don’t put all your eggs in one basket,” then you already have a basic understanding of diversification. Diversifying your portfolio can reduce risk and volatility if the assets have little or no correlation to each other.

Investing in mutual funds is one way to achieve portfolio diversification, since mutual funds are typically a diversified investment. There are also several other ways to diversify and potentially reduce portfolio volatility:
• Within an asset category, such as purchasing different types of mutual funds;
• Among asset categories, such as purchasing stocks and bonds; and
• Outside of the United States, since some markets move opposite to the US stock market.

Put volatility to work for you. Do you think of the glass as half empty or half full? Your perspective can affect the investment decisions you make during market downturns. Investors who view market volatility negatively can make irrational decisions. A down market can be an opportunity for you to build your portfolio and take advantage of lower unit costs.

Stay invested. You are probably anxious during times when the value of your investments has decreased. As a result, you may be tempted to move out of the market, sit on the sidelines and wait for the market to rebound. However, since no one knows how the markets will move, how do you know you’re leaving at the right time? Also, how will you know when it is the right time to get off the sidelines and start investing again?

If you have worked with a Financial Advisor, your investment strategy was developed to help you meet your long-term goals. Timing the market could potentially jeopardize your financial plan—and your future goals.

Be patient. There will always be uncertainty in the markets; market volatility is a natural part of the investment cycle. Although it may take some time, markets do rebound.

In the meantime, call your Financial Advisor to help you develop an action plan for market volatility and continue to focus on your long-term investment goals rather than short-term market moves.

Graeme H. Patey is a Financial Advisor located in Cleveland, Ohio and may be reached at
216-523-3015 or http://fa.smithbarney.com/graemepatey.

Asset allocation and diversification strategies do not guarantee a profit or protect against loss.

A periodic investment plan such as dollar cost averaging does not assure a profit or protect against a loss.

International stocks are subject to certain risks of overseas investing including currency fluctuations and changes in political and economic conditions, which could result in significant market fluctuations. These risks are magnified in emerging markets.

Mutual fund investments are subject to market risk, including the possible loss of principal. They are sold by prospectus only. The prospectus contains the investment objectives, risks, fees, charges and expenses, and other information regarding the mutual fund and variable annuity contract and its underlying investments, which should be carefully considered before investing. Prospectuses are available through your Financial Advisor or at www.smithbarney.com. Read the prospectus carefully before you invest or send money.

Smith Barney does not provide tax or legal advice, and it is important to consult with a tax or legal advisor before investing.

© 2008 Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Member SIPC. Securities are offered through Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Smith Barney is a division and service mark of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and its affiliates and is used and registered throughout the world. Citi and Citi with Arc Design are trademarks and service marks of Citigroup Inc. and its affiliates, and are used and registered throughout the world. Working WealthSM is a service mark of Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Citibank are affiliated companies under the common control of Citigroup Inc.

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